1:9 to denote a proper boasting or exaltation in response to God’s perspective. Here, however, their glorying is presumptuous bragging about their plans rather than humble submission of those plans to God, who alone can determine what tomorrow holds. As if their boastful attitudes were not enough, James adds that such attitudes are full of ‘arrogance.’ The noun (alazoniais) is plural, indicating that they repeatedly boasted this way. The KJV rendering ‘vauntings’ is a good one. The only other occurrence